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جمعرات 18 ستمبر 2003Thursday, September 18, 2003

Kashmir: Religion

Current census figures1 for religious affiliation in Kashmir according to the BBC are:

Religious groups: Indian-administered Kashmir
RegionBuddhistHinduMuslimOther
Kashmir Valley-4%95%-
Jammu-66%30%4%
Ladakh50%-46%3%
Religious groups: Pakistani-administered Kashmir
RegionBuddhistHinduMuslimOther
Northern Areas--99%-
Azad Jammu and Kashmir--99%-

kasmir_religion.jpg Courtesy of the Kashmir Study Group.

Also see here for more information.

Most of the Muslims in the Kashmir valley, Jammu province and Azad Kashmir are Sunnis. Shias, mainly Nizari Ismailis, dominate in the Northern Areas. Ladakh also has a large number of Shias.

Muslims are a majority in the Kargil district of Ladakh while Buddhists dominate in the Leh district. There are also some Sikhs, mostly in Jammu.

Overall, according to the 1981 census, Muslims are 74.9% of the population of Kashmir, followed by Hindus (22.6%) and Buddhists (0.8%).

According to the 1941 census2, the percentage of Muslim population in the districts of Kashmir was as follows:

DistrictMuslimControlled by
Gilgit Agency99.99%Pakistan
Gilgit Wazarat100.00%Pakistan
Ladakh79.00%India
Baramula96.49%India
Muzaffarabad92.89%Pakistan
Punch90.97%Pakistan
Srinagar91.55%India
Mirpur80.41%Pakistan
Riasi54.79%India
Udhampur43.15%India
Jammu39.00%India
Kathua25.45%India
TOTAL77.11%

The “controlled by” data in the above table is based on who controls more of the district as some districts are divided by the Line of Control. For example, more than half of the Punch district is controlled by Pakistan but the town of Punch is on the Indian side of the line of control.

1 It is not clear which census results they are using. For India, the religious data for the 2001 census has not been released yet and it seems that the 1991 census was not conducted in Indian Kashmir due to “disturbed conditions”. Pakistan’s Population Census Organization does not have data for Northern areas or Azad Jammu and Kashmir in their online 1998 census tables.

2 My source for this is a map of Jammu and Kashmir state and Gilgit agency published by Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan, Washington D.C. in 1963 (found in my school library). I have checked a few figures online and they seem to be correct. If you have a better source for the 1941 census data online, please let me know.

Posted by Zack at September 18, 2003 1:28 PM in Kashmir

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Comments

interesting

Posted by: Bushra (7 comments) at September 19, 2003 3:37 AM

Don’t rely too much on the 2001 Indian census; many of the figures will be guesstimates or extrapolations for Kashmir.

Posted by: Conrad Barwa (85 comments) at September 21, 2003 9:29 PM

Conrad: I am not expecting much interesting data for Kashmir from the 2001 census. Plus the religious data is not going to come out until 2005 or something.

Posted by: Zack (1803 comments) at September 22, 2003 8:14 PM

A post about why indians get so worked up at the mention of kashmir would be interesting… not to mention pakis

Posted by: KO (39 comments) at September 23, 2003 5:13 PM

KO: May be I’ll. This Kahmir blog project is becoming really large. I have quite a few ideas about posts but need to do some research and reread some stuff. Takes a lot of time and I am kinda really busy nowadays.

Posted by: Zack (1803 comments) at September 23, 2003 10:03 PM

Zack: True, though I suppose it doesn’t make too much difference in most ways given the special status and restrictions on movement and settlement in operation within IaK.

Posted by: Conrad Barwa (85 comments) at September 24, 2003 8:09 PM

It’s good to know there is a excellent debate going on jammu and kashmir. look forward to more such data.–Thanks , kanishk

Posted by: kanishk gupta (1 comments) at July 12, 2004 2:24 AM

At last I have found some authentic figures which are copied from the well-researched and documented book British Raj in India - an Historical Review.

JAMMU PROVINCE
Muslims 1,208,675 61%
Hindus 772,760 39%

KASHMIR PROVINCE
Muslims 1,489,988 91.455%
Hindus 139,217 8.545%

WHOLE STATE OF JAMMU & KASHMIR

Total Muslims 3,101,247 77.115%
Total Hindus 809,165 20.120%
Total sikhs 65,903
Total Buddhists 40,696
Others 4,605

Total population 4,021,616

It is, therefore, clear that before partition, provinces of Jammu and Kashmir, separately, were Muslim majority areas.

If the current complexion of the population has become different, and the Muslim majority in Jammu is now a minority, it is entirely the work of the 700,000-strong Indian army stationed in the state, one soldier for every six Kashmiris, during the last 57 years - something that the world should take note of.

Posted by: Ajmal (318 comments) at December 2, 2004 2:35 AM

Dad: Thanks for those population figures. They seem to be from the 1941 census.

Jammu province, as distinct from Jammu district or Jammu city, was majority Muslim in 1941, I believe. This was because most of what is now Pakistani Azad Kashmir was part of the Jammu province. I think only Muzaffarabad wasn’t.

The current population distribution is not much different overall, except that the Indian parts of Jammu province have become more Hindu while Pakistani Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas have been emptied of their Hindu population.

Posted by: Zack [TypeKey Profile Page] (1803 comments) at December 2, 2004 9:31 PM

Out of the portion named Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bhimber and Mirpur formed part of province Jammu and Kotli, part Poonch and Muzaffarabad formed part of province of Kashmir. Bhimber with very population could only becompared withh a village. Mirpur also had Hindu population who migrated much earlier than the trouble started.

Posted by: Ajmal (318 comments) at December 3, 2004 7:57 AM

… and since Mexicans make up the majority of parts of Cailfornia and Texas, lets make them independent, i’m sure they’d love that. Better yet, let them become a part of Mexico.

Oh and since many parts of southern L.A. are black, let them become a part of Africa.

What idiotic logic these terrorists use…

Posted by: David James (1 comments) at January 30, 2005 3:25 PM

David: Your comment makes no sense. Did you see anywhere that I agreed with terrorists? Did you even see any argument for Kashmir to separate from India? This is just a factual post about the religious composition of Kashmir.

Posted by: Zack (1803 comments) at January 31, 2005 11:59 PM | PGP Sig

I interest in your web site. But please attach some beautiful pictures of Azad Kashmir on your web site.

Posted by: Uzair Ahmed (1 comments) at June 9, 2005 9:34 AM

Uzair: Thanks. I have some photos of Kashmir here along with links to more.

Posted by: Zack (1803 comments) at June 10, 2005 8:47 PM | PGP Sig

salams and hellos, im from jammu and kashmir, i just wanted to say that as a kashmiri its my duty to tell everyone that we want independance or join pakistan, if i said that in kashmir itself i would be looking at accusations of being a terrorist and some bloodshed with the 700 000 odd troops there. someone made the sarcastic humorous statement that california is full of hispanics and should go to the mexicans, well my answer to them is that jammu kashmir are not people who moved there like hispanics but are from that land itself, the hindus and sikhs moved to the beautiful state on orders by the indian government making settlements. kashmiris are a different race completely to indians, pandits were hindus who came to preach thier hinduism a long time ago. hinduism only belonged to the indian race however when hindus moved to other regions they settled and became whatever like romani gypsies originating from india. also alot of hindus and sikhs became muslim by kashmiri scholars and formed a new breed of muslims ie pakistani, indian muslims etc (obviously before the partition long long time ago!). i have just reliazed that im giving everyone a school type of history lecture so il cut short and say “may the jammu kashmiri people recieve a referendem and vote for thier fate god willing and be free of oppressive indian forces” i am sorry if ive offended anyone as im not an offending type of person! however i believe freedom should be given even if it means fighting for it inshALLAH, bye bye everyone!

Posted by: khaqan khawaja (3 comments) at June 19, 2005 3:40 PM

PLEASE NOTE THAT THESE STATISTICS SEEM TO DIFFER, MIRPUR IS AT LEAST 99% MUSLIM AND IN JAMMU ID SAY THERE ARE MORE MUSLIMS UNLESS THE INDIANS HAVE KILLED THEM OFF AND REPLACED THEM WITH SETTELMENTS LIKE ISRAEL HAS DONE WITH PALESTINE. THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT WILL OBVIOUSLY GIVE FALSE STATISTICS, AND NOT SHOW THE TRUE STATISTICS AS IT HAS TO MUCH TO LOOSE. MY DAD WAS BORN IN JAMMU AND WE HAVE NOT BEEN THERE SINCE AS WE ARE NOT ALLOWED, WHOEVER LEFT THERE DURING THE PARTITION IS NOT ALLOWED BACK YOU SEE, NON MUSLIM MINORITYS WERE DUE TO THEM LEAVING PAKISTAN AND SETTLING IN REGIONS OF INDIAN HELD KASHMIR.

Posted by: KHAQAN KHAWAJA (3 comments) at July 19, 2005 2:51 PM

Khaqan: The population statistics I listed are based on the 1941 census and the 1981 censuses. The 80% Muslim figure for Mirpur is from the 1941 census. The current percentage is probably 99%.

Posted by: Zack (1803 comments) at July 23, 2005 1:19 AM | PGP Sig

OK COOL! IF THATS WHAT YOU SAY YOU DID, IL TAKE YOUR WORD FOR IT.

Posted by: KHAQAN KHAWAJA (3 comments) at August 6, 2005 7:29 PM

hi dere culd u plz tell me how many sikhs are in da whole world?

Posted by: Jasline (1 comments) at August 9, 2005 6:41 PM

Jasline: I am not sure but a quick web search shows a population of 23 million.

Posted by: Zack (1803 comments) at August 14, 2005 1:23 AM | PGP Sig

i think india should give independence to kashmir valley. keep jammu & ladakh. make permanent boundry

Posted by: tahir (1 comments) at November 24, 2005 1:19 AM

hello Kashmiris from usa.

I am not kashimiri, niether i am muslim, but i have a friend who is born and raised in kashimir, yet when i ask him any question about kashimir , he has very few words to describe kashimir. I think he needs to be more in touch with his own people, therefore you people should write to him and make him more kashimiri then american, please reply him back, zobs42@hotmail.com specially girls reply him back.
thank you
God bless kashimir

Posted by: anup dut (1 comments) at March 3, 2006 3:52 PM

rawalakot n bagh were part of JAMMU REGION during british times

n btw , MIRPUR , KOTLI and POONCHH ( part wid pakistan now i.e rawalakot n bagh ) made DA JAMMU REGION ALONG WID da districts of KATHUA , JAMMU , UDHAMPUR , RAJOURI , POONCHH ( part wid india ) N DODA ( including kishtwar ); so kindly correct urself

da language spoken in dese districts ( except DODA ) is NOT kashmiri but dogri , gujari n pahari ( potowari n other poonchhi versions ) ; s0 kindly MAKE NOTE —–> 61 % MUSLIM P0PULATION 0F JAMMU REGION INDICATES DA MUSLIM POPULATION IN ALL OF DESE DISTRICTS mentioned above ….

Posted by: KARAN (3 comments) at March 10, 2008 4:51 AM

besides ,
firstly , i’ll ask pakistanis to awake from slumber

NO INDIAN CITIZEN WHO D0ES N0T H0LDS DA STAUS 0F ” JAMMU AND KASHMIR CITIZEN “i.e. STATE CITIZEN CAN BUY LAND 0R 0WN PR0PERTY IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR

so da claim made by ppl. here dat MANY HINDUS HAVE BEEN SETTLED IN INDIAN JAMMU REGION IS C0MPLETELY SHALLOW

secondly , da lower districts 0f JAMMU REGION ( KATHUA , JAMMU , UDHAMPUR ) has seen little if any insurgency n PRESECE OF ANTI-INSURGENCY TROOPS n its dese 3 states in JAMMU REGION which makes JAMMU REGION MAJORITY “HINDU” …

muslims are in a majority in RAJOURI , DODA N POONCHH , so st0p makin FALSE CLAIMS OF INDIAN ARMED FORCES N GOVT INTERFERIN N TRYIN TO ALTER DA DEMOGRAPHY OF JAMMU REGION

Posted by: KARAN (3 comments) at March 10, 2008 4:57 AM

n thirdly ,

KASHMIR demography comprises of various ethnic n lingual groups
TALKIN ABT PEOPLE FROM DA VALLEY …..

DEN MAJORITY MUSLIMS IN KASHMIR VALLEY HAVE DER KRAMS OF HINDU LINEAGE ……….

der few SYEDS n even fewer pathans , bukharis and mughals in kashmir valley ; daz why da person makin a claim dat HINDUS ( PANDITS ) SETTLED IN KASHMIR FROM OUTSIDE IS YET AGAIN SHALLOW .

da ISLAMISATION OF KASHMIRI MASSES BEGAN FROM DA MIDDLE OF 14TH CENTURY AFTER DA EASTABLISHMENT OF MUSLIM RULE IN DA VALLEY N CONTINUED TILL DA MUGHAL N PATHAN RULE .

Posted by: KARAN (3 comments) at March 10, 2008 5:03 AM

It’s obvious why pakis want to separate Kashmir from India…because we kicked their butts and separated East Bengal from them. It’s only a matter of time before India announces the annexation of Bangladesh due to increased insurgency. And when it come’s to the pakis, they can’t spend a day without thinking about fingering India.

Posted by: Jaideep (1 comments) at June 5, 2008 8:22 PM

hey friends,
m a secular person……but den m also a hindu……n i hav been 2 kashmir 7 times……n i hav seen the plight f HINDUS in J&K……i hav spoken there to muslims about the media spread terms like..ATROCITY BY INDIAN TROOPS……and i hav come 2 a conclusion that barring a few minor cases there has been love,supoort and care…….after all even the army is HUMAN…….and then who can forget the plight of the KASHMIRI PANDITS…….they are the worst hit……remembered only 2 months before elections……PAKISTANIS are good people but they are a majority fanatic…..and that nature hurts the peace procedure………i hav muslim and hindu friends from kashmir whose relatives hav been killed in the last decade…..and i bet you none of my muslim friends are considering them as martyrs……because they know….they were fanatics…..
so i request to abide by the peace process and lets fight for the good of the kashmiris….

Posted by: Tan (1 comments) at June 20, 2008 1:37 PM

SALAM
I M MUSLIM $ PAKISTANI
I LOVE KASHMIR
A BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY

Posted by: syed soahil raza (1 comments) at July 14, 2008 4:10 AM

Hi
I’m on MA Creative Writing at the university of Teesside, Middlesbrough and for my final assignment I’m doing a long poem called ‘Honour Palace’.This the buliding of palaces in Mirpuri by ex-pats, when there is no one to live there. In this poem I want to weave the history of Kashmir, Mirpur, and the effects of Mangla Dam.
I would be most grateful for any information including press cuttings regarding protests over Mangla dam, pictures of old Mirpur, names of villages drowned etc.
The opening lines of the poem are:
75,000 Rupees, one horse, 12 goats and three shawls.

The price haggled by the Honourable East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, for Kashmir. Men, women, children, and livestock all bargained for like an old nag at horse fair.
One shawl and 100 goats also to be given every year otherwise Kashmir would revert back to the British.. This became the famous Treaty of Amritsar.
Khadim Hussain
khadam27@ntlworld.com

Posted by: Khadim Hussain (1 comments) at August 12, 2008 2:59 PM

i think india should give independence to kashmir valley. keep jammu & ladakh. make permanent boundry

Posted by: Prady (1 comments) at August 16, 2008 11:34 PM

There was no Islam existed in india or Kashmir.. These were coward hindus became muslims fearing the curl mughals invander from Afghanistan. Muslims forced indus valley people to became muslims. Even during the partition or india and pakistan… the curl muslim league killed non-muslims (kafirs). Now 40% of paki punjab population are in fact hindus. see the british records… the hindus and sikhs never came to india.. instead they become muslims.. if this bloody bastard jinah would have been died 2 years earlier.. it won’t be no problem now.
why they made pakistan.. when they couldn’t send all the muslims to phakistan

Posted by: Alexander the great (2 comments) at August 24, 2008 10:48 AM

Alexander: I think you need to read some history about Kashmir and how the people there became Muslim.

Posted by: Zack (1803 comments) at August 26, 2008 12:03 PM

Thanks.. yes… i have read the history. it say force conversion. So you all people living in Kashmir renounce muslim religion and become either sikh or hindu and retain your ancestors dignity. Killing is sin.. and you will renounce terrorist acts as well…

Posted by: Alexandera the great (2 comments) at August 28, 2008 1:57 PM

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